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- There are two basic kinds of demineralizer systems, separate-bed and mixed-bed. In a separate-bed system, cation resins and anion resins and anion resins are loaded into separate pressure vessels.
- During the service cycle, water passes through the cation bed first, where undesirable positive ions (cations) such as sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+2), and magnesium (Mg+2) are exchanged for hydrogen (H+) ions.
- The water next passes through the anion bed, where a similar process removes undesirable negative ions (anions) such as chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-2), and bicarbonate (HCO3-), replacing them with hydroxyl (OH-).
- Pure water is produced from the combination of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. In a mixed-bed system, also referred to as a polisher, the cation and anion resins are loaded into the same vessel.